La anticoncepción en la mujer obesa

The increasing prevalence of obese women of childbearing age is a public and social health crisis. Contraception is a key issue in women with obesity. Obese women have a sexual activity no different from women of normal weight, and the use of contraception is considered less effective, as there is a higher risk of having an unwanted pregnancy. Due to a variety of metabolic disorders, obesity is a cardiovascular risk factor that can increase when combined with hormonal contraception. All these factors should be considered when choosing a contraceptive method in an obese woman. The objective of this review is to evaluate the risk-benefit of each type of available contraception, and the problem of contraception after bariatric surgery, in order to provide doctors with a practical guide on the use of oral contraceptive pills in obese women.     

Impact of whole egg intake on blood pressure,lipids and lipoproteins in middle-aged and older population: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Background and aimEffects of whole egg consumption on cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risk in the middle-aged and older population remain unclear due to inconsistent findings from observational and randomized controlled trials (RCTs). This meta-analysis aimed to assess the impacts of whole egg and egg category (whole eggs versus egg substitutes) intake quantity on CVD risk factors from systematically searched RCTs. Egg substitutes were hypothesized to have minimal effects of the blood lipid and lipoprotein profile as they are void of dietary cholesterol.Methods and resultsAs many as 434 studies identified from PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL and Medline (Ovid) databases were screened and data were extracted from 8 selected RCTs. Quality of the selected studies were assessed and the overall effect sizes of weighted mean differences (WMD) were calculated using a random effects model. Non-differential effects in blood pressures, lipids and lipoproteins were observed when >4 whole eggs/week compared to ≤4 whole eggs/week were consumed. Intake of >4 whole eggs/week compared to equivalent amounts of egg substitutes caused greater elevations in blood total cholesterol (WMD: 0.198 mmol/L; 95% CIs: 0.056, 0.339), HDL cholesterol (WMD: 0.068 mmol/L; 95% CIs: 0.006, 0.130) and LDL cholesterol (WMD: 0.171 mmol/L; 95% CIs: 0.028, 0.315) but did not differentially affect triglycerides concentration.ConclusionOverall, the results support the notion that quantity of whole egg intake does not affect CVD risk factors and consuming egg substitutes may also be beneficial compared to whole eggs on lowering CVD risk in the middle-aged and older population.     

Baastrup病的诊断与治疗研究进展

Baastrup病,又名吻合棘病(kissing spine),最早于1933年由丹麦放射科医生Baastrup发现并以自己的名字命名,是一种相邻棘突附着面及其间软组织发生病理改变的疾病[1]。本病通常累及腰椎,颈椎Baastrup病也有少数报道[2-3],最常见于L4~5节段[4-6],临床上常表现为下腰痛[7-9],是由于腰椎相邻棘突不断接近并撞击而导致,疼痛常与体位变化相关,在脊柱伸展时加剧,屈曲时可缓解[10],临床上可通过触诊相应的棘突间隙而引起疼痛。     

辨体-辨病-辨证诊疗模式在慢性病防治中的应用策略

依据中国防治慢性病中长期规划(2017—2025年),按照国医大师王琦教授倡导的"辨体-辨病-辨证诊疗模式",提出慢性病"3+4+3"防治路向:面向三类人群(一般、高危、患病人群),朝向四种状态(无病、病前、病中、病后状态),指向三辨模式(辨体-辨病-辨证诊疗模式)。进而探讨其应用策略:对于一般人群无病状态——辨体养生,固本防病;对于高危人群病前状态——辨体干预,治本救萌;针对患病人群病中状态——"三辨"施治,标本兼顾;针对患病人群病后状态——辨体调理,固本防复。文中结合案例加以佐证,具有临床指导价值。     

Identifying Syndemics for Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Young Adults in the United States: A Latent Class Analysis

Purpose

Syndemic theory suggests that the convergence of social, environmental, and ecological factors can interact to exacerbate behavioral health problems and are often intensified by social conditions and disparities. This study used latent class analysis (LCA) to determine gender and racial/ethnic specific classes for sexually transmitted infection (STI) risk.

上海市徐汇区45~55岁居民动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病风险的影响因素分析

背景　动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病（ASCVD）是我国居民健康的首要威胁，也是我国居民的首要死亡原因，占城市居民的41.8%，占农村居民的44.8%。家庭医生及其团队对社区中年人群相关风险因素的调研评估、干预及综合管理，可尽早预防ASCVD的发生发展。目的　调查上海市徐汇区45~55岁居民ASCVD风险因素，为日后对相关人群开展针对性的健康干预提供参考意见和建议。方法　采集2019年1-5月在上海市徐汇区枫林街道社区卫生服务中心门诊就诊、信息平台留存准确个人资料（性别、年龄、联系电话）及在本单位体检留存生理、生化数据〔身高、体质量、BMI、血压和血清总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）及空腹血糖（FPG）〕的530例居民的信息。采用电话回访或现场面对面调查，参照《中国成人血脂异常防治指南（2016年修订版）》中“总体心血管危险评估”相关章节内容定义ASCVD 风险，同时基于社区实际情况，将评估低危和中危人群归为ASCVD低风险组，高危和极高危人群归为ASCVD高风险组。采用多元Logistic逐步回归分析探究居民ASCVD风险的影响因素。结果　发放问卷530份，回收有效问卷502份，有效回收率为94.7%。ASCVD低风险组38例，ASCVD高风险组464例。ASCVD高风险组年龄、TG、FPG、男性比例、心脑血管病史比例、糖尿病史比例、高血压史比例、服用降压药史比例、服用调脂药史比例高于ASCVD低风险组（P<0.05）。多元Logistic逐步回归分析结果显示，≥50岁、TG≥1.5 mmol/L、FBG≥6.1 mmol/L、男性是居民ASCVD风险的危险因素（P<0.05）；服用调脂药史是居民ASCVD风险的保护因素（P<0.05）。结论　上海市徐汇区45~55岁居民ASCVD风险的主要可控危险因素是血脂（TG）及血糖的异常；不可控危险因素是年龄、性别。对于增龄、男性、合并脂代谢异常的居民更应关注ASCVD的风险并予以生活方式干预和调脂药规范使用指导。社区开展多重风险因素评估及管理对ASCVD的早期筛查、早期干预及治疗均非常重要，对家庭医生及其团队开展相关一、二级预防工作有指导借鉴意义。     

P53 Expression in benign Breast Disease Development: A Systematic Review

Background: Benign breast disease (BBD) is one of main breast cancer risk factors. Dysfunctions on p53 protein, which has a genome protective role, have been related to breast cancer developments. However, its role on BBD development is still unclear. Methods: A systematic review of literature was proceeded according to PRISMA-P guidelines. PubMed, BVS, MEDLINE and Scholar Google were used as databases, complemented by a manual search in articles references.  Articles searches were conducted from May to July 2019 and publications in English, Spanish and Portuguese were selected. P53 expression was set as outcome among women with BBD and were included only articles with good quality according STROBE tools. Data concerning p53 expression frequencies were independently extracted by two review authors, and eligible articles were synthesized. Results: From 12 studies selected for this review, the majority analyzed p53 expression in non-proliferative lesions and general p53 expressions ranged from 0 to 100%. P53 expression was more frequently observed in cases series studies (91.7%) and in studies conducted in Occidental Europe (41.7%). P53 expression was more frequent among tissues with fibrocystic disease (22.5%) and fibroadenoma (22.5%). Conclusion: When compared with all breast tissues types, benign breast disease corresponds to 34.39% of p53 expression. Second outcomes were not evaluated because the heterogeneity observed in selected studies. In addition, more studies considering ethnicity and benign breast disease classification should also be considered for further analysis.     

毫针加锋钩针治疗乳腺增生疗效观察

目的观察毫针加锋钩针治疗乳腺增生的临床疗效。 方法选取2019年2月至2019年5月山西中医学院附属医院针灸门诊治疗的女性乳腺增生患者27例，所有患者均用毫针加锋钩针治疗。每3日治疗1次，连续治疗3次后评价疗效。 结果连续治疗3次后，治愈12例，占44.4%，好转14例，占51.8%，未愈1例，占3.8%，总有效率为96.2%(26/27)。2个月后随访，26例有效患者中有1例轻度复发。 结论毫针加锋钩针治疗乳腺增生疗效确切，值得推广。     

温病学教学中的“三全育人”战略

温病学是中医学四大经典课程之一,是基础理论向临床实践过渡的桥梁课程,对于中医药高校学生具有重要意义。“三全育人”战略是高校思想政治工作的重点,新时期,我们应把“三全育人”战略贯穿温病学教育教学全过程和各环节,全员全过程全方位为培养具有坚实的温病理论知识和技能、医德高尚的现代化应用型中医药人才服务。